Assumptions in formulating theories.[edit]

An assumption (or axiom) is a statement that is accepted without evidence. For example, assumptions

can be used as premises in a logical argument. Isaac Asimov described assumptions as follows:

...it is incorrect to speak of an assumption as either true or false, since there is no way of proving

it to be either (If there were, it would no longer be an assumption). It is better to consider

assumptions as either useful or useless, depending on whether deductions made from them

corresponded to reality...Since we must start somewhere, we must have assumptions, but at

least let us have as few assumptions as possible.^[43]

Certain assumptions are necessary for all empirical claims (e.g. the assumption that reality exists).

However, theories do not generally make assumptions in the conventional sense

(statements accepted without evidence). While assumptions are often incorporated during the

formation of new theories, these are either supported by evidence

(such as from previously existing theories) or the evidence is produced in the course of

validating the theory.

Scientific theory - Wikipedia

A theory can be tested for accuracy using mathematics.
Theory = the solar system orbits around Polaris (North Star) in 4,700,000 years.
Result = unsuccessful attempt to falsify the theory (mathematical test).